nginx rewrite 参数和例子 -- 编程浪子的梦博客

本日志内容来自互联网和平日使用经验，整理一下方便日后参考。

正则表达式匹配，其中：

* ~ 为区分大小写匹配
* ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
* !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配

文件及目录匹配，其中：

* -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
* -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
* -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
* -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行

flag标记有：

* last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记，表示完成rewrite
* break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
* redirect 返回302临时重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
* permanent 返回301永久重定向地址栏会显示跳转后的地址

一些可用的全局变量有，可以用做条件判断(待补全)

$args
$content_length
$content_type
$document_root
$document_uri
$host
$http_user_agent
$http_cookie
$limit_rate
$request_body_file
$request_method
$remote_addr
$remote_port
$remote_user
$request_filename
$request_uri
$query_string
$scheme
$server_protocol
$server_addr
$server_name
$server_port
$uri
结合QeePHP的例子
1. if (!-d $request_filename) {
2. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
3. rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
4. break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
1. if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
2. set $sub_name $1;
3. rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
4. }
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
1. rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下：
1. if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
2. rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
3. }
目录自动加“/”
1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }
禁止htaccess
1. location ~//.ht {
2. deny all;
3. }
禁止多个目录
1. location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
2. deny all;
3. break;
4. }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
1. location ~ ^/data {
2. deny all;
3. }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
1. location /searchword/cron/ {
2. deny all;
3. }
禁止单个文件
1. location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
2. deny all;
3. }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
1. location ~(favicon.ico) {
2. log_not_found off;
3. expires 99d;
4. break;
5. }
7. location ~(robots.txt) {
8. log_not_found off;
9. expires 7d;
10. break;
11. }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒，并不记录访问日志
1. location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
2. access_log off;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
4. expires 600;
5. break;
6. }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码，默认为403，方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志，减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
1. location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
2. valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
3. if ($invalid_referer) {
4. rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
5. return 412;
6. break;
7. }
8. access_log off;
9. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
10. expires 3d;
11. break;
12. }
只充许固定ip访问网站，并加上密码
1. root /opt/htdocs/www;
2. allow 208.97.167.194;
3. allow 222.33.1.2;
4. allow 231.152.49.4;
5. deny all;
6. auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
7. auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件，增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
1. rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent，那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了，但页面中的相对链接无法使用，
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录，而我的rewrite不是的，所以没有效果
1. if (-d $request_filename){
2. rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
3. }
知道原因后就好办了，让我手动跳转吧
1. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
2. rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向：
1. if (!-e $request_filename) {
2. proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
3. }
域名跳转
1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
8. access_log off;
9. }
多域名转向
1. server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
2. index index.html index.htm index.php;
3. root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
4. if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
5. rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
6. }
三级域名跳转
1. if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
2. rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
3. break;
4. }
域名镜向
1. server
2. {
3. listen 80;
4. server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
5. index index.html index.htm index.php;
6. root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
7. rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
8. access_log off;
9. }
某个子目录作镜向
1. location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
2. rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
3. break;
4. }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
1. rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
2. rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
3. rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
1. rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
2. rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
3. rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
4. rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
5. rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
6. rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
1. server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
3. location = / {
4. if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
5. rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
6. break;
7. }
8. }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
1. location ^~ /ucenter {
2. location ~ .*/.php?$
3. {
4. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
5. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
6. fastcgi_index index.php;
7. include fcgi.conf;
8. }
10. location /ucenter/data/avatar {
11. log_not_found off;
12. access_log off;
13. location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
14. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
15. }
16. location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
17. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
18. }
19. location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
20. error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
21. }
22. expires 300;
23. break;
24. }
25. }
jspace rewrite
1. location ~ .*/.php?$
2. {
3. #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
4. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
5. fastcgi_index index.php;
6. include fcgi.conf;
7. }
9. location ~* ^/index.php/
10. {
11. rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
12. fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
13. fastcgi_index index.php;
14. include fcgi.conf;
15. }

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